Partial Knee Replacement

Partial knee replacement is most commonly performed for patients suffering from osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease that causes the cartilage in the knee to wear away. The procedure can also be beneficial for individuals with post-traumatic arthritis or those who have experienced cartilage damage from previous injuries. Other conditions that can be treated with PKR include:

• Medial Compartment Arthritis: Arthritis affects one side of the knee joint, typically the inner (medial).
  
• Cartilage Defects: Damage to the cartilage that doesn’t affect the entire knee joint.
• Chronic Knee Pain: Pain that is localized to one section of the knee and doesn’t improve with conservative treatments like physical therapy or medication.

Partial knee replacement is a less common surgery compared to total knee replacement, but its popularity has been increasing due to its minimally invasive nature and positive outcomes. It is typically performed when patients experience severe pain and limited mobility in only one part of the knee. Though it accounts for a smaller percentage of total knee surgeries, the number of PKR procedures has risen due to advances in surgical techniques, improved materials for implants, and the growing number of patients seeking joint-preserving options.

• PKR surgeries are rising in frequency as patients seek alternatives to total knee replacement.
• Advances in technology and surgical techniques have led to improved outcomes and more patients opting for PKR.
• Approximately 10-20% of knee replacement surgeries are partial knee replacements.

Before undergoing partial knee replacement, patients must have a thorough evaluation by their orthopedic surgeon. This includes a physical examination, medical history review, and imaging tests like X-rays or MRIs to assess the extent of joint damage. Preoperative preparation may also include:

• Physical Therapy: Strengthening exercises to improve the surrounding muscles and prepare the knee for surgery.
• Blood Tests: To check for any underlying health issues that could affect the surgery.
• Anesthesia Consultation: Discussion of anesthesia options, either general or regional.

Patients will also be instructed on what medications to stop taking before surgery, such as blood thinners, to reduce the risk of bleeding during the operation.

Partial knee replacement is typically performed under general or spinal anesthesia, and the surgery lasts about 1 to 2 hours. The surgeon makes a small incision over the affected knee compartment. Through this incision, the damaged cartilage and bone are removed and replaced with a metal and plastic implant. The implant is designed to mimic the natural movement of the knee and restore function. Depending on the specific case, either the inner or outer knee compartment is replaced.

• The surgeon removes only the damaged compartment, preserving the surrounding healthy tissue and bone.
• The incision is smaller compared to total knee replacement, which contributes to a faster recovery time.
• The procedure usually takes less than two hours, with patients typically staying in the hospital for 1 to 2 days.

Partial knee replacement is a relatively quick procedure compared to total knee replacement. The surgery itself typically takes between one to two hours. Recovery time in the hospital is usually shorter as well, with patients generally staying for one to two days. However, full recovery may take several months, depending on the individual's health and adherence to post-operative care instructions.

• The surgery itself is quicker than total knee replacement, often taking around 1-2 hours.
• The hospital stay is typically short, around 1-2 days.
• Patients may take several weeks to return to normal activities, with full recovery occurring in about 3 to 6 months.

After the surgery, patients typically begin rehabilitation almost immediately. This may involve physical therapy to help restore the knee's range of motion and strength. Post-operative care includes managing pain with medication, icing the knee to reduce swelling, and elevating the leg.

• Physical therapy is an essential part of recovery, helping to restore strength and flexibility.
• Pain management techniques, such as ice and medications, are important during the initial healing period.
• Patients are encouraged to gradually return to walking and low-impact activities as they heal.

Partial knee replacement offers several significant benefits, particularly for individuals whose knee damage is confined to a single compartment. Some of the key benefits include:

• Faster Recovery: Since only part of the knee is replaced, patients typically recover quicker and experience less post-surgical pain.
• Less Invasive: Smaller incisions are required, resulting in less muscle and tissue damage.
• Preservation of Healthy Tissue: The procedure preserves more of the knee’s natural bone and ligaments, allowing for a more natural feel and movement post-surgery.

The longevity of partial knee replacements can vary depending on the patient’s activity level, weight, and overall health. However, modern implants are designed to last between 10 to 15 years, and some may even last longer. Many patients can expect to have their partial knee replacement for several years before needing a revision surgery.

• Partial knee replacements can last between 10 to 15 years, with some lasting even longer.
• Regular check-ups with the orthopedic surgeon can help ensure the implant remains in good condition.
• Active individuals may experience wear and tear sooner than those with a more sedentary lifestyle.

As with any surgical procedure, partial knee replacement carries some risks. These may include:

• Infection: Though rare, infection can occur at the incision site or within the knee joint.
• Blood Clots: There is a risk of blood clots forming in the legs post-surgery, which can be mitigated with blood thinners and mobility exercises.
• Implant Loosening: Over time, the implant may loosen, requiring further surgery to correct it.

Recovery from partial knee replacement typically takes less time than a full knee replacement. Most patients can return to normal, low-impact activities within 6 to 8 weeks. However, complete recovery, including regaining full strength and mobility, may take 3 to 6 months. Patients are encouraged to follow a rehabilitation plan to ensure they regain full knee function and strength.

• Most patients can resume light activities in 6-8 weeks, but full recovery can take 3-6 months.
• Physical therapy plays a critical role in ensuring a successful recovery.
• Low-impact activities like walking or swimming can often be resumed fairly soon after surgery.

Partial knee replacement is a highly effective surgical solution for individuals suffering from knee pain and immobility due to localized arthritis. It offers numerous benefits, including a faster recovery, less pain post-surgery, and the preservation of more natural knee tissue. If you are experiencing knee pain and limited function, partial knee replacement might be the right option for you. Consult with an experienced orthopedic surgeon to discuss your symptoms and find out if you’re a candidate for this life-changing procedure.