ACI Cartilage Transplant

ACI is a two-step surgical procedure that uses a patient’s own cartilage cells (autologous chondrocytes) to restore damaged joint surfaces. Unlike temporary treatments that only reduce pain or symptoms, ACI focuses on repairing the actual cartilage damage by stimulating new cartilage growth.

Although most commonly performed in the knee joint, ACI may also be used in other weight-bearing or high-stress joints such as the ankle, hip, or shoulder. It is generally recommended for younger or active patients with localized cartilage damage who want to preserve their natural joint and delay or avoid joint replacement surgery.

The process of ACI takes place in two stages:

1. Cartilage Cell Harvesting
   • In the first procedure, an arthroscope (a thin instrument with a camera) is inserted into the joint.
   • A small piece of healthy cartilage is taken from a non-weight-bearing area of the joint.
   • These cells are then sent to a laboratory, where they are carefully cultured and multiplied over several weeks to create millions of new cartilage cells.
2. Cartilage Implantation
   • Once a sufficient number of cells are grown, the patient undergoes a second surgery.
   • The damaged area of the joint is prepared by removing unhealthy cartilage.
   • The new cartilage cells are implanted into the defect and covered with a special patch or membrane to keep them in place.
   • Over time, these cells grow and integrate with the surrounding tissue, forming new cartilage to restore joint function.

Recovery after ACI requires patience and strict adherence to rehabilitation protocols:

• Limited Weight Bearing – Patients usually need to avoid putting weight on the treated joint for several weeks to protect the implant.
• Physiotherapy – Early rehabilitation focuses on gentle movement to prevent stiffness, followed by progressive strengthening and stability training.
• Return to Activity – Full recovery can take several months, with athletes or active individuals often resuming high-impact activities within 9–12 months.

The success of ACI largely depends on patient commitment to rehabilitation and following post-operative guidelines carefully.

• Uses the patient’s own cells, reducing rejection risks.
• Promotes true cartilage regeneration, not just scar tissue formation.
• Relieves pain and improves mobility.
• Helps preserve the natural joint and delay joint replacement.
• Suitable for younger patients with localized cartilage damage.

Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI) represents a significant advancement in cartilage repair technology. By using a patient’s own healthy cells to restore damaged cartilage, it offers the possibility of long-term pain relief, improved joint function, and better quality of life. While not suitable for every individual, ACI is an excellent option for carefully selected patients who wish to maintain natural joint health and delay more invasive procedures like joint replacement. With proper rehabilitation, ACI provides hope for active and pain-free living.