Shoulder Replacement Surgery

Shoulder replacement surgery is typically performed on individuals who suffer from severe shoulder pain and disability due to various conditions. The most common conditions treated by this surgery include:

• Osteoarthritis: A degenerative condition where the cartilage of the shoulder joint wears away, causing pain, stiffness, and limited mobility.
• Rheumatoid Arthritis: An autoimmune disorder that causes inflammation in the joints, leading to pain, swelling, and deformity.
• Rotator Cuff Tear Arthropathy: A combination of arthritis and a torn rotator cuff, which leads to joint instability and pain.
• Post-Traumatic Arthritis: Arthritis that develops following a severe shoulder injury or fracture.
• Severe Shoulder Fractures: When fractures cannot be repaired through other means, replacement surgery may be the best option.

Shoulder replacement surgery is typically performed on individuals who suffer from severe shoulder pain and disability due to various conditions. The most common conditions treated by this surgery include:

• Osteoarthritis: A degenerative condition where the cartilage of the shoulder joint wears away, causing pain, stiffness, and limited mobility.
• Rheumatoid Arthritis: An autoimmune disorder that causes inflammation in the joints, leading to pain, swelling, and deformity.
• Rotator Cuff Tear Arthropathy: A combination of arthritis and a torn rotator cuff, which leads to joint instability and pain.
• Post-Traumatic Arthritis: Arthritis that develops following a severe shoulder injury or fracture.
• Severe Shoulder Fractures: When fractures cannot be repaired through other means, replacement surgery may be the best option.

There are three main approaches, chosen based on your condition:

1. Total Shoulder Replacement (Anatomic TSR): Both the ball (humeral head) and socket (glenoid) are replaced with implants that mimic natural anatomy.
2. Reverse Shoulder Replacement: Recommended when the rotator cuff is severely damaged; the positions of the ball and socket are switched for better stability and function.
3. Partial Shoulder Replacement (Hemiarthroplasty):In a partial shoulder replacement, only the damaged ball of the shoulder joint is replaced, often done after complex bone fractures.
   

Preparing for shoulder replacement surgery requires both physical and psychological preparation.

Preparation plays a key role in smoother recovery:

• Diagnostic tests such as X-rays, CT scans, MRIs, and blood tests
• Discuss current medications with your surgeon; some may need to be stopped temporarily
• Strengthening shoulder and arm muscles through guided exercises
• Preparing the home environment with supportive furniture and easy-to-reach essentials

Shoulder replacement surgery offers numerous benefits, primarily focused on improving the patient's quality of life. Some of the key benefits include:

• Pain Relief: One of the primary reasons patients opt for shoulder replacement is to eliminate chronic shoulder pain caused by arthritis or injury.
• Improved Range of Motion: The procedure significantly enhances the shoulder’s range of motion, enabling patients to perform daily tasks like reaching, lifting, and dressing.
• Enhanced Functionality: Patients report a return to more active lifestyles after surgery, including the ability to participate in hobbies or physical activities that were once difficult due to shoulder pain.
• Quality of life: Ability to return to hobbies, sports, and normal routines

While shoulder replacement surgery has a high success rate, it does come with some potential risks and drawbacks. Some of these include:

• Infection: As with any surgical procedure, there is a risk of infection at the incision site or within the joint itself.
• Implant Failure: In some cases, the artificial joint may wear out or loosen over time, requiring revision surgery.
• Nerve Damage: Nerve injury can occur during the surgery, potentially affecting the arm’s function or sensation.

Blood Clots: There’s a risk of developing blood clots in the legs, which could travel to the lungs and cause serious complications.

Recovery begins immediately after surgery:

• Immobilization: A sling is worn for several weeks to protect the joint
• Physiotherapy: Begins within days, progressing from gentle passive exercises to active strengthening
• Timeline: Most patients regain good function in 3–6 months, with continued improvement up to a year

The lifespan of a shoulder implant depends on several factors, including the type of prosthesis used, the patient’s age, activity level, and overall health. Typically, shoulder replacements last between 15 to 20 years. However, the wear and tear on the artificial joint can lead to loosening or failure over time, especially in younger, more active individuals. Patients should discuss the potential for future revision surgeries with their surgeon, as implant longevity can vary based on individual circumstances.

While most patients can return to normal activities after shoulder replacement surgery, some permanent restrictions may apply, especially regarding high-impact activities. Patients are generally advised to avoid:

• Overhead Lifting: Lifting heavy objects overhead can stress the new joint and may lead to wear and tear.
• Repetitive Movements: Repetitive motion activities like throwing or lifting may be discouraged to prevent damage to the artificial joint.
• Contact Sports: High-contact sports or activities that place undue stress on the shoulder may be off-limits after surgery.

Shoulder replacement surgery is a proven and effective treatment for people dealing with chronic shoulder pain and restricted movement. It offers remarkable benefits such as pain relief, improved mobility, and better shoulder function. Though every surgery carries some risks, with proper care and rehabilitation, most patients achieve excellent recovery and enhanced quality of life. Consulting an experienced orthopedic surgeon can help determine if this procedure is right for you.