Ankle Arthrodesis (Ankle Fusion)

The ankle joint is formed where the tibia and fibula (lower leg bones) meet the talus (ankle bone). It is primarily responsible for allowing the foot to move up and down. Over time, arthritis, trauma, or repeated injuries can cause severe joint degeneration, leading to stiffness, swelling, and pain.

Ankle arthrodesis involves surgically removing the damaged cartilage and preparing the bone surfaces, which are then fused together using metal plates, screws, or rods. Once healing is complete, the tibia, fibula, and talus form a single bone, eliminating motion at the ankle joint but significantly reducing or eliminating pain.

This surgery is generally considered when:

• Severe osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis affects the ankle.
• Post-traumatic arthritis develops after fractures or injuries.
• Previous treatments such as injections, medications, or physical therapy fail.
• Chronic ankle instability makes walking or standing difficult.
• Patients are not suitable candidates for ankle replacement due to bone quality or activity level.

1. Preparation and Anesthesia – The procedure is performed under general or spinal anesthesia.
2. Removal of Damaged Surfaces – The surgeon removes the worn cartilage and prepares the bones for fusion.
3. Fixation – Screws, plates, or rods are used to hold the tibia, fibula, and talus in place.
4. Bone Fusion – Over time, the bones grow together, creating a stable, single bone structure.

The operation may be performed using an open or minimally invasive approach, depending on the severity of the damage.

Recovery from ankle fusion requires patience and adherence to rehabilitation guidelines:

• Immobilization – The ankle is usually placed in a cast or walking boot.
• Weight Bearing – Patients typically avoid putting weight on the ankle for 6–12 weeks, using crutches during this phase.
• Bone Healing – Fusion may take several months, depending on bone quality and overall health.
• Rehabilitation – Physiotherapy helps strengthen surrounding muscles and improve gait.

While the ankle loses its up-and-down motion, surrounding joints in the foot often compensate, allowing patients to walk more comfortably than before surgery.

• Provides long-term relief from chronic ankle pain.
• Restores stability, making walking and standing easier.
• Improves overall function and quality of life.
• Reliable results, especially for patients with severe arthritis or joint damage.

Ankle Arthrodesis (Ankle Fusion) is a time-tested procedure that offers lasting pain relief and improved stability for individuals suffering from severe ankle arthritis, instability, or unhealed fractures. While the procedure sacrifices ankle movement, it significantly enhances mobility by removing pain and allowing patients to walk with greater comfort. With proper healing and rehabilitation, ankle arthrodesis provides a dependable solution for those seeking long-term relief from debilitating ankle conditions.