Medically Reviewed by: Dr. Vijay Kumar Sohanlal, MBBS, MS (Orthopaedics), Orthopaedic & Joint Replacement Surgeon, Founder & Owner, MAHI Multispeciality Hospitals, Kilpauk, Chennai.
Last medically reviewed: October 2026
Hip pain can gradually change the way a person moves through everyday life. Walking for a short distance, getting up from a chair, climbing stairs or putting on shoes may become uncomfortable. When these difficulties persist, it is important to understand what is causing them rather than assuming that surgery is the only option.
Hip replacement is one treatment option for certain conditions that damage the hip joint. It involves replacing the damaged joint surfaces with artificial components. Whether it is suitable depends on the diagnosis, the severity of symptoms, the effect on daily activities, general health and the response to other treatments.
This guide explains when hip replacement may be considered, how doctors assess hip problems, what patients should know about surgery and recovery, and which questions may help during a consultation.
Understanding the Hip Joint and Its Problems
The hip is a ball-and-socket joint that supports body weight and allows the leg to move in different directions. The rounded head of the thigh bone fits into a socket in the pelvis. Smooth cartilage covering the joint surfaces helps movement occur with less friction.
Pain may develop when the joint or surrounding structures are affected by disease or injury. Common causes include:
• Osteoarthritis, which gradually damages the cartilage in the joint.
• Avascular necrosis, in which reduced blood supply damages bone tissue.
• Certain hip fractures and their complications.
• Inflammatory joint conditions.
• Other disorders that cause significant damage to the hip joint.
The location of pain alone does not establish the diagnosis. Hip problems can sometimes cause discomfort in the groin, thigh or buttock, and pain around the hip may also originate from the back or nearby structures. A clinical assessment helps identify the likely cause.
When Might Hip Replacement Be Considered?
Hip replacement is generally considered when damage to the joint causes substantial symptoms and other appropriate treatments have not provided sufficient relief.
A doctor may discuss the procedure when a patient experiences:
• Persistent hip or groin pain that interferes with daily activities.
• Difficulty walking, standing or climbing stairs.
• Stiffness that restricts normal hip movement.
• Pain that disrupts sleep or routine tasks.
• Ongoing functional limitations despite appropriate non-surgical care.
These symptoms do not automatically mean that a hip replacement is necessary. The decision should be based on the overall clinical picture, including the examination, relevant imaging and the patient’s own goals and circumstances.
The Assessment Before Surgery
Before deciding on treatment, the orthopaedic doctor needs to understand both the condition of the hip joint and how the symptoms affect the patient.
Reviewing Symptoms and Medical History
The consultation usually begins with questions about when the pain started, where it is felt, what makes it worse and how it affects walking or other activities. Previous injuries, medical conditions, medications and earlier treatments may also be relevant.
Physical Examination and Imaging
The doctor may assess walking, hip movement, strength and tenderness. X-rays are commonly used to examine joint changes and bone structure. Additional investigations may be requested when the clinical findings suggest they are needed.
Discussing the Available Options
Once the findings have been reviewed, the doctor can explain the likely diagnosis and discuss suitable treatment options. Patients should have the opportunity to ask about the expected benefits, limitations, risks and recovery requirements of each option.
Treatment Before Hip Replacement
Surgery is not necessary for every person with hip pain. Depending on the cause and severity of the condition, non-surgical management may be appropriate.
Activity Changes and Support
Adjusting activities that aggravate symptoms may help reduce discomfort. Some patients may benefit from walking aids or practical changes that make daily tasks easier. Advice should be tailored to the individual’s condition.
Physiotherapy and Exercise
A suitable exercise programme may help maintain strength, mobility and general function. The exercises should reflect the diagnosis and the patient’s ability to perform them comfortably and safely.
Medication and Medical Management
Medication may be considered to help manage symptoms, depending on the patient’s medical history and the cause of the pain. Medicines can have side effects or interact with other treatments, so they should be used under appropriate medical guidance.
If pain and functional limitations continue despite suitable treatment, the doctor may discuss whether surgery offers a reasonable option.
What Happens During Hip Replacement Surgery?
Hip replacement involves replacing damaged parts of the hip joint with artificial components. The precise procedure depends on the patient’s condition and the surgical plan.
In a total hip replacement, the damaged femoral head is replaced with an artificial ball, and the socket is fitted with an artificial component. The materials and design used depend on clinical considerations and the individual case.
The operation is planned after reviewing the patient’s diagnosis, bone condition, general health and other relevant factors. The surgical team also explains preparation, anaesthesia, possible complications and the expected rehabilitation process.
Hip replacement is not risk-free. Possible complications include infection, blood clots, dislocation, differences in leg length, persistent pain, implant-related problems and the need for further surgery. The risks vary between patients and should be discussed before making a decision.
Preparing for the Procedure
Preparation may involve reviewing existing medical conditions, checking current medications, arranging investigations and assessing general fitness for surgery. The healthcare team may also explain how to prepare the home environment and what support could be needed after discharge.
Before surgery, patients should clarify:
• Which procedure is planned and why it is suitable.
• What benefits can reasonably be expected.
• What complications or individual risk factors need consideration.
• How long the hospital stay may be, if surgery proceeds.
• What assistance may be needed at home.
• How rehabilitation and follow-up appointments will be arranged.
The exact plan depends on the patient’s health, the procedure and the hospital’s clinical protocols.
Recovery and Rehabilitation After Hip Replacement
Recovery is a process rather than a single milestone. Progress depends on the type of surgery, general health, pre-operative mobility and the patient’s response to rehabilitation.
Early Movement
The healthcare team provides instructions on movement, wound care, pain management and preventing complications. Depending on the patient’s condition and the surgical plan, standing and walking with assistance may begin early.
Physiotherapy and Building Confidence
Rehabilitation may include walking practice, exercises to improve strength and guidance on moving safely. Patients should follow the programme provided by their treating team rather than comparing their recovery with someone else’s.
Returning to Everyday Activities
The time needed to resume work, driving, exercise and other activities varies. These decisions should be guided by the treating team, taking account of healing, mobility, pain control and the nature of each activity.
New or worsening pain, fever, wound changes, sudden swelling or difficulty breathing after surgery should be reported promptly to the healthcare team. Sudden chest pain or breathing difficulty requires emergency medical attention.
About Dr Vijay Kumar Sohanlal
Dr Vijay Kumar Sohanlal is an orthopaedic doctor practising in Chennai. The professional information published on his website lists an MBBS from Mysore University and an MS in Orthopaedics from Sri Ramachandra Medical College and University in Chennai.
His website describes further professional training and exposure in joint replacement and arthroplasty, including training in India and overseas. It also lists professional associations with healthcare facilities in Chennai. Patients should check the official profile or contact the relevant institution to confirm current appointments and affiliations.
When considering hip replacement surgeon in India, patients can use a consultation to discuss their symptoms, relevant investigations, diagnosis and the treatment options that may be appropriate for their circumstances. The decision to proceed with surgery should follow an individual clinical assessment and a discussion of potential benefits, risks and alternatives.
Qualifications, specialist designations and medical registration should be stated accurately and verified against official records. Professional information should help patients understand a doctor’s background without relying on comparative claims, guarantees or unverified outcome figures.
Read also: Indian Food for Strong Bones.
